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The development of a serial number listhas been very difficult because of the lack of official records. N.White kept very detailed records but when the company was sold to theSeeburg Corporation all official records were destroyed. When looking upthe age of your instrument, complete the following steps: (1.) Find yourinstruments catalog page and year that the catalog was made. Pay specialattention to the small details on your instrument because most artistsdrawings account for unique changes and features. (2.) Compare yourfindings to the serial number list. Please keep in mind that most catalogswere dated on the back and should be trusted more than the serial numberlist. After 1966, all instruments were manufactured inEastlake and engraved with 'King Musical Instruments.'
1/01/2008 We have reevaluatedthe serial number list to reflect new information. The number ofinstruments produced in the early years 1893-1905, has been reduced.The serial number lists are NOT 100%accurate. DateSerial Number1893-18991-4,004,001-6,006,001-9,009,0910-191525,0915-192540,0925-193078,001-1-1935126,001-1-1936176,001-1-1937186,001-2-1938200,001-2-1939212,001-2-1940225,001-2-1941239,001-2-1942254,001-2-1945264,001-2-1946267,501-2-1947277,001-2-1948287,001-2-1949296,501-3-1950301,501-3-1951308,001-3-1952316,501-3-1953322,001-3-1954330,001-3-1955337,001-3-1960340,001-3-1965370,000-4-1970406,501-457,600String Serial Numbers. American Standard String Bass Serial Numbers19 209 120192-1946 No Production WWII1947 Limited Production5194 280197 340190 400193 460196 009 79192-1946 No Production WWII1947-1948 No Production190 150193 180196 210199 240192 270195 3090Cleveland and American Standard SerialNumbers. Starting in the Detroit shop of O. Berdan, Henderson N.White dreamed a dream of truer, finer band instruments.
His repair work anddaily contact with musicians taught him the weaknesses of the instruments thenused. And his musician's instinct could not be content with their imperfections.Setting himself to the task of making that dream come true,Mr. White soon gained more that a local reputation. Learning always from bandmasters who visited that little shop in Detroit; studying in every spare moment;and experimenting always; it wasn't long before other cities heard about him.When McMillin's Music Store of Cleveland needed a competentman to take charge of their repair work they turned to this young student.But the dream urged Mr.
After five years withMcMillin he branched out into a partnership with C. During this timethe company sold imported instrumentsand ran a very effective repair shop. The shop was locatedon 13 woodland Ave and was very small. White became sole owner ofthe business and then the realization of the dream was close at hand.For in 1894 the first 'King' trombone came from Mr. White'stiny workshop. But it wasn't 'just another trombone.' Building into it all thathe had learned, blending knowledge with the love of accomplishment, that firsttrombone was a revelation to the musical world.
And with help from, a local trombone player who helped Mr. White perfect hisinvention.
What developed was radically different from the then prevailingmodels in bell, bore and mouthpipe, the 'King' Trombone was acclaimed by bandmen everywhere. The first famous musician to play this new trombone was, who did his best to get others to try a 'The King'.
From 1894 to1908 each trombone slide was actually made. Band Players loved the King trombone because the slide wasfiner and smoother and lighter in action than any other. With this success Mr.white soon ran out of space, and moved the operation to 1870 East 9th Street, inthe Erie Building in 1897., brother of H. White came to the company in 1903 toorganize a credit department for the efficient handling of accounts, and latermoved into the Vice President's position (leaving in 1940’s). WhiteCompany was one of the first to extensively advertise and offer credit purchaseplans.
Then in 1904became Superintendent of the factory floor.Mr. White's goals for his company were toconstantly strive to build better instruments with the highest quality, andbuild each instrument acoustically correct. Starting in 1909 Mr. White made the'Department of Acoustical Research' and purchased (what is thought of as) theworlds largest set of tuning bells.
Every instrument in production would spendtime being developed, and looking for the smallest of improvements. Whitenever started production on any instrument unless the new design was a vastimprovement in both tone and quality.Also, 1909 Mr. White moved from the little workshop to 5225superior Avenue in Cleveland, Ohio with 38,000 square feet of new work space.Once settled down, Mr. White started holding lunch time concerts two or threetimes a week to fine tune his craftsmen and instruments.Some time in 1908 King began importing Evette & Schaeffersaxophones and selling them as a less expensive alternative to American madesaxes. Then in 1910 Carl Fisher Instruments became sole distributor of Evette &Schaeffer saxophones and Mr.
White was forced to look elsewhere. White choseto import V.
Kohlert saxophones while he built up the King facilities to enterinto his own production of saxophones. Finely around 1916 Mr. White beganproducing his own saxophones and by 1925 he introduced a new series of hornseight (C soprano, straight and curved Bb sopranos, Bb Saxello, Eb alto, Cmelody, Bb tenor and Eb baritone) horns made in Cleveland.
From 1917 to 1918 theentire production of saxophones was made for the government during World War I.Saxophones produced during the War are engraved with U. Or some other type ofengraving which tells which branch of the military it went to. Army Quartermaster Corps) These saxophones featured many newimprovements by King associateThe most interesting of these improvements was theintroduction of the King 'Saxello' in the early 1920's.
The Saxello was a curvedneck and a bell tipped at a right angle on a straight soprano.It was in 1917 that a separate small buildingwas erected beside the main plant for development of a line of woodwindinstruments. By the 1920's King woodwinds, along with King brasses and horns,took their places in the finest orchestras.During this time frame the King work force grew to over twohundred men.
White never 'hired' workers, they had to be skilledartist-craftsmen who had a love for fine work. This allowed Mr. White to offeralmost endless list of options (six finishes) ranging simple highly polishedbrass to artist special gold hand burnished.
King also made it own cases foreach instrument it manufactured and for other producers.Some time during the middle to late 20's Mr. White becamethe first instrument maker to introduce sterling silver bells on Kinginstruments. White thought that the silver bells of trombones offered bettertone and tone carries farther with less vibrations. The ' bell was then introduced and carried throughout the King line up.Today, King 'Silver Sonic' and 'Silver Tone' bells are sought over for theirgreat tone and wonderful engravings.The 1920's also saw the introduction of the King FrenchHorn. With it's marvelous tone, this was the first American made French Horn tobreak down the tradition and prejudice for foreign makes. The King French Hornwas an immediate sales success. Below, is a picture of Mr.
White (far right)watching his skilled artist-craftsmen assemble his 'new' French horn.In 1925 Mr. White bought the Cleveland Musical InstrumentCompany. The Cleveland Musical Instrument Company was formed in February of 1919and was known for their Cleveland Trumpet.
The Company was successful for awhileand at one time employed fifteen people. But as frequently happens with newcompanies, overhead and expenses were too great for the volume of business theycould command. For two years The H. White Company made instruments forCleveland to help fill back orders. White saw the Cleveland brand as theperfect fit to cover the growing school band market which demanded high qualityinstruments at a low price. The Cleveland brand, along with American Standardwere marketed to marching bands and schools.
Both were about 40% less in pricethan a 'King.' White was by all accounts a workaholic, but hedid enjoy card games, fishing, and going to the the Cleveland symphony. On March17, 1932 Mr.
White Married a third time to Edna Richert a then department storegown buyer. The two of them had a love of music and theater. Edna had a childfrom a previous marriage named Cathryn and Mr. White quickly adopted theprecocious eleven year old. (As a side note, Dr. Frank Simon would visit fromCincinnati and stay with Mr.
White and during this time he taughtCathryn how to swim). Cathryn played Clarinet (a King Silver bell) and eachsummer she was sent to band camp at Cedar Point. During the 1936 Summer apicture was taken of the entire band (with Cathryn) and H. White could notresist the opportunity to put his Daughter in.
White was a working girl, Hendersonput her in charge of the White Apartments. The White Apartments had fallen onhard times and Mrs. White quickly cleaned them up and turned them around. Formany years the two of them would drive to work together, first stopping at theWhite Apartments to drop off Edna, then Mr. White would continue to the plant.Through the depression years to the beginning of World WarII, The H.
White Company moved steadily forward with its planned program ofmaking a wider variety of musical instruments. In 1934 King stringed instrumentswere introduced with the. This was followed in 1936 with the King Cello.
In 1938 Mr.White created the silver-lined clarinet and finished developing the. The Trombonium was a valve trombone designed to be used inschool bands and orchestras. Also in 1934, The H. White Company became thefirst musical instrument manufacture to offer group life insurance to all of its152 craftsmen. The policy was of the contributing type with the premium paymentsbeing paid by both employer and employees.(1)In 1936 F.A. Reynolds left King to start hisown short-lived company. Early Reynolds instruments closely resemble Kinginstruments with few if any improvements over the original design.
In the lateforties Mr. Reynolds sold his company and eventually Reynolds was owned byNorlin.Then in March 26, 1940 at the age of 65 Mr. Whitedied suddenly. During his remarkable career as a designer and manufacturer ofmusical instruments, Henderson White redesigned twenty eight instruments.
Mr.White made a huge impact on the manufacturing of musical instruments, because ofhis passion for high quality perfect sounding instruments.Following Mr. White's death, Hugh E. White took over asPresident of the company while the heirs worked out who was in control. Mrs.Edna White, and her daughter Miss Cathryn White together controlled two-thirdsof the stock in The H. White Company. Then in the middle of 1941, Mrs. EdnaWhite took control of the company as President just as World War Two started.When Mrs.
Edna White took over the company World War Two wasjust a few months away. It is important to point out at that Edna White was thefirst women executive (in the band industry) entering a male dominated world,and many in the industry viewed her as an outsider and predicted the immediatedecline of The H. White Company. What many of Mrs. White's critics failed torealize was that she had experience in the business world and knew how and whento use her authority. Edna's basic belief was that The H. White Companyshould have superior quality second to none, and she let this belief motivatemost of her business decisions.
With the start of the war, the company wasunable to make many instruments although the service department remained open,and Mrs. White worked hard to get government contracts.
The work force washighly skilled and particularly adapt at putting together saxophones with manyparts that had to be tuned just right. With that in mind, the government issuedthe company two large contracts. The first contract was to assemble radar units(tuners and antennae's) for both the Navy and Army. Because of the company'scomplex work with silver, the second contract was issued to assemble silverplated parts on proximity fuses.
Each radar unit had a large number of parts andwere difficult to assemble, and King craftsman worked long hours to increaseproduction. Throughout this time Mrs. White , President of The H. WhiteCompany, had to reassure the network of King dealers that a woman as Presidentstill meant that the company was going to stay focused on good products withgreat quality when the war was finished. For the most part the dealers werehappy with the change and continued their partnership with the King company.
Asthe war drew to a close, work slowly began on a new line of instruments to beintroduced when the war over. By the end of the war, The H. White Company hadcompleted a $250,000 expansion (two new wings) which increased production byfifty percent. The total war time contracts awarded to the company totaled fivemillion dollars.
Silvertone Trumpet Value
White's daughter Cathryn (Kay) WhiteLudwig (now married to William F. Ludwig Jr) became the companies Vice Presidentand advertising director in 1945. Cathryn was responsible for putting togetherthecatalogs and calling on one thousand dealers a year. One of the first changesthat Cathryn made was to change the King logo to a crown and add the words'world's Finest'. The logo change marked the entry into what some believe as thecompanies best yeas. A few years later on September 21, 1947 Cathryn gave birthto a baby girl, Ellen Ludwig.With Mrs White atthe helm, the company continued to be a profitable enterprise, and in 1946 Mrs.White introduced the first bonus program to the company, each bonus was based ona production quota which was determined by the previous years production. Mrs.White would spend a considerable amount of time at work and entertaining clientsat her home on 2820 Broxton Road in Shaker Heights (purchased in 1948).
Ednawould also take time to be with her Granddaughter (Ellen). The most popular artist for the H. White Company during the1940's and the early 1950's was Tommy Dorsey. 'The Sentimental Gentleman ofSwing', was a master at creating warm, sentimental, and superb dancing andlistening tempos.
Tommy visited Cleveland often, and would spend time on thefactory floor working closely with most of the craftsmen. Dorsey'sinput and endorsement, King trombones continued to be the best in the world.Also after the war, Mrs. White restartedproduction of only the most popular and profitable instruments, which reducedthe King line up by some thirty instruments. At the same time King introduced anew line of saxophones called the Super 20. The company marketed the Super 20 asa brand new saxophone from the ground up but in reality the Super 20 was arefinement of the popular Zephyr Special which was inproduction only a short time before the war broke out.was an immediate sales success and greats like Julian 'Cannonball'Adderley, and Charlie 'The Bird' Parker played the Super 20. Later in 1946, thenew Super 20 trumpets with dual-bore and sterling silver bell were introduced.Trumpet greats likeandjumped at the opportunity to own one.In 1952 with the outbreak of the Korean WarThe H. White Company again found it's self facing a shortage of brass.
MrsWhite quickly was awarded another government contract to produce radar parts. Atthe same time the Military the place a very large order for band instrumentswhile another government agency refused to 'release' additional brass callingthe instruments '.really not necessary'. In order to keep up with Militaryrequirements and Instrument production Mrs White increased the average work weekfrom 46 hours to 56 hours. King dealers were buying as many instruments as theycould get their hands on fearing what happened in World War II and sales grew by30 percent. Over the next two years the situation remained the same and the Kingwork force grew from 250 to 300 people.By the end of 1952 Cathryn had divorced BillLudwig Jr. (changed her last name back to White, See Aarticle on Bill Ludwig atbottom of page.) and devoted herself to a fulltime work load and life as a single parent. Cathryn's responsibilities grew atthe company to include filling for her mother when she went on vacations or feltill.
During these years Cathryn was working hard to get big name artists toendorse King at every opportunity. In 1952 Cathryn took a cross country trip tocall on dealers and work at a music convention in Las Vegas. Cathryn's (Kay)hard work paid off when she convinced Harry James to stop by the plant and trythe new Super 20 trumpet. Harry wanted an instrument that had the valves movedforward a few inches to accommodate his long arms and while he was in ClevelandMrs. White put a team of designers and craftsmen to work on his requirements. Bythe time that Harry left the plant he had traded in his Selmer trumpet for a H.N.
White 'Super 20 Silver Sonic' and signed a deal to endorse King trumpets.Harry's first few Super 20's were normal production trumpets, but by the end of1952 Harry took delivery of his 'balanced' model. This change in trumpets andendorsement deal was due in large part because of the friend ship Harry hadstarted with Mrs. White and Cathryn. For the next thirteen years whenHarry was in Cleveland he would stop by the King plant (to pick up a newtrumpet) and would spend hours talking with 'Mom White' (Edna) and would go outfor an early dinner with her before going to his gig. If Harry was ever in townaround the Holidays he would have dinner a Edna's house.Throughout the 1950's The H.
White Company strived to makecontinual improvements to their instrument line up. Quality was built into everyinstrument and the company continued to stand behind their work with a GuaranteeBond against faulty workmanship and defective materials for the life of theinstrument.In 1951-53 The new 3-B Trombone was introduced to the market. The 3-Bcontinued The H. White Companies success and leadership with trombones andsales grew. Also, in 1950 'Silver Tone' or instruments with SterlingSilver bells were renamed 'Silversonic'.By early 1962, it was decided that the brand name American Standard shouldbe up dated and changed to Tempo. The Tempo line of instruments stayed the same,giving the customer a great instrument at a low price. The Companies threebrands were: King, Cleveland, and Tempo.Around the middle of 1964 it became clear the currentfactory was outdated.
King had been manufacturing in the same buildings for morethan fifty years and a new location was needed. Edna Whitepurchased 12.5 acres of land to put a new plant on in Eastlake Ohio. Another bigchange that happened in September 1964 was that Cathryn updated the King logo tothe modern crown that is still used today. Then 1965 with her health fading,Mrs. White, along with her daughter decided to sell the company to Mr.
NateDolan and his partners. For the next few years Mrs. White would still go to workat the Eastlake facility that she helped build but she never grew to like it asmuch as the 5225 Superior location. Edna White died in 1969 and Mrs.Cathryn (Kay) White passed away in 2005.
The family is survived by Cathryn's twograndchildren who live in Ohio.Welcome to the worlds most comprehensive H. These archives are intended to display the wide-ranging resources thatwww.hnwhite.com has collected in order to provide superior and more accurateinformation then any other website. There are 45 complete catalogs in thecollection plus 253 different ads and tons never been seen rare items!
To visitthe Catalog archives:To visit the ad archives. This website is the first and only website devoted toidentifying all of the 'Craftsmen' who worked for the H. White Company.Currently there are 64 identified craftsmen, 59 with pictures, and anothertwenty with pictures but no names. To meet some of The H. White Craftsmen goto:.
Over the 72 years that the White family owned The H. N.White Company, there were a number of newspaper articles that were written. Forthe first time www.hnwhite.com has listed some of those articles which are usedfor reasearch.
Exact dates and Sources of articles are “Restricted” due to therelative cost in hiring research personal. The articles have provided a wealthof information and helped develop the history of The H.
White Company. Also, for the first time www.hnwhite.com has release postWWII price lists. After WWII prices were removed from the catalogs because ofthe length of time in which a catalog was used went from one year to three tofour years.' Dies aged 91'By RobHughes, Monday, March 31st 2008William F. Ludwig Jr., the former president of Ludwig Drum Co. And son of thecompany’s founder has passed away in his hometown of Chicago at the age of 91after recent ill-health.Ludwig’s father, William F. Ludwig Sr., and his brother Theobold built theLudwig & Ludwig Drum Company around an innovative bass drum pedal they inventedin 1908 to meet the needs of professional drummers.
Ludwig went on to become theworld’s largest drum company in the 1920s.As a young man, Bill Ludwig saw the fortunes of the American drum industryrise and fall. The advent of talking movies put theatre drummers out of work andthe stock market crash of 1929 forced his father to sell the company to C. G.Conn in 1930.In 1937, William F. Ludwig and William F.
Ludwig II founded the W.F.L.Drum Company. Conn exited the drum business and sold the Ludwigname back to Wm. Under his guidance, the Ludwig Drum Company onceagain became the world’s largest drum company.A milestone in Ludwig history came in February 1964 when the Beatles madetheir historic appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show with Ludwig drums featuredprominently. The resulting demand for the brand forced Ludwig to add a nightshift.The Ludwig family sold the company to Selmer in 1981, which later relocatedmanufacturing from Damen Avenue in Chicago to North Carolina.Bill Ludwig worked as a consultant for Selmer and though he no longer had avested interest in Ludwig Drums, he had for decades acted as a goodwillambassador on behalf of Selmer and, later, Conn-Selmer. He appeared regularly atmajor industry events such as the NAMM shows, the Frankfurt Music Fair, theChicago Drum Show, and PASIC.In 1993 PAS inducted him into the Percussive Arts Society Hall of Fame. Hisfather was already a member, having been inducted in 1972. They are the onlyfather-son members of this elite group with the exception of the Zildjianfamily.